Free AED Guide: Finding Automated External Defibrillators

What Are Automated External Defibrillators and How Do They Work

An Automated External Defibrillator, commonly called an AED, is a portable medical device that can help save someone's life during sudden cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest happens when the heart stops beating effectively, cutting off blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Without treatment within minutes, brain damage or death can occur.

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AEDs work by analyzing the heart's electrical rhythm through adhesive pads placed on a person's chest. The device uses computer algorithms to detect dangerous heart rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, where the heart quivers instead of pumping blood. When the AED identifies this problem, it can deliver an electric shock called defibrillation. This shock temporarily stops all heart activity, giving the heart a chance to restart with a normal rhythm.

According to the American Heart Association, survival rates from cardiac arrest can reach 70 percent or higher when an AED is used within the first few minutes, compared to less than 10 percent without treatment. The device is designed to be used by untrained bystanders because the machine provides voice instructions and visual prompts throughout the process. Modern AEDs will not shock a heart with a normal rhythm, so they are safe for non-medical personnel to use.

Most AEDs weigh between 2 and 5 pounds and fit easily in a small carrying case. They run on batteries that typically last between 4 and 7 years. The adhesive pads, called electrodes, must be replaced after each use or according to expiration dates printed on the packaging. Some models are fully automatic, meaning they deliver a shock without requiring the user to press a button, while semi-automatic models require the operator to push a shock button when instructed.

Practical Takeaway: Understand that AEDs are user-friendly devices designed for public access. Familiarizing yourself with how they work removes fear about using one in an emergency. The device itself guides users through each step with clear instructions.

Where AEDs Are Located in Your Community

AEDs are installed in many public and private locations because they can mean the difference between life and death. Federal law encourages businesses and institutions to have AEDs available, and some states now require them in specific settings. Knowing where these devices are located near your home, workplace, and frequently visited areas is valuable information for any emergency.

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Common locations for AEDs include:

• Airports and transportation hubs
• Shopping malls and retail stores
• Fitness centers and gyms
• Schools and universities
• Office buildings and corporate headquarters
• Hospitals and medical clinics
• Hotels and restaurants
• Community centers and recreational facilities
• Police and fire stations
• Public parks and sports venues

Several online registries and mapping services can help you find AED locations. The American Heart Association maintains a database where individuals and organizations can register their AED locations. The PulsePoint application, available for smartphones, shows the locations of both AEDs and CPR-trained responders in your area. Some cities have created their own mapping systems as part of public health initiatives. You can also contact your local fire department, which often maintains records of AED locations in your community.

Within specific buildings, AEDs are typically mounted on walls in high-traffic areas near entrances, in hallways, or near elevators. Many facilities post bright yellow or red signs indicating AED locations. Some buildings keep AEDs in security offices or first aid stations. When visiting a new location, ask staff members where the nearest AED is located. Taking a few moments to note AED locations during a regular visit means you will know exactly where to find one if an emergency occurs.

Practical Takeaway: Create a mental map of AED locations in places you visit regularly. Check online registries and speak with building management to learn where devices are stored in your workplace or neighborhood.

Understanding AED Types and Features

Not all AEDs are identical. Understanding the differences between models can help you recognize and use any device you encounter. The two primary categories are fully automatic and semi-automatic defibrillators, which differ mainly in how they deliver the electrical shock.

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Fully automatic AEDs analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock without requiring any user action beyond placing the pads on the person's chest. These devices are useful in very crowded public spaces where verbal warnings might not be heard, such as at large sporting events or concerts. Semi-automatic AEDs analyze the heart rhythm and then prompt the user to press a shock button. The voice instructions say something like "Shock advised, press shock button now." Semi-automatic models allow trained responders to make a final judgment before the shock is delivered, which some consider an additional safety feature.

Modern AEDs typically include several useful features. Voice and text prompts guide users through CPR compressions, telling them the correct speed and depth. Many newer models have metronome sounds to help maintain proper compression rhythm. Some devices have built-in CPR feedback sensors that monitor chest compression quality. Advanced models may have connectivity features that alert emergency services about their location and use.

AED designs vary in size and display options. Traditional models have small screens showing heart rhythms and status information. Newer touchscreen models display larger text and clearer graphics. Some AEDs are designed specifically for children and can deliver reduced-energy shocks. These pediatric-capable devices often have special pads or settings for children under 55 pounds.

Battery life is an important feature to consider. Most AEDs maintain battery charge for 2 to 5 years of standby time. Self-test functions automatically check the device's readiness daily or weekly and alert users if problems are detected. Waterproof models are useful in pools, beaches, or other wet environments.

Practical Takeaway: Familiarize yourself with the specific AED models in your area. Visit websites for common brands like Philips, Zoll, and Cardiac Science to see product photos and watch how-to videos demonstrating their specific models.

How to Use an AED in an Emergency

Using an AED requires following a sequence of steps that work together with CPR to help someone in cardiac arrest. Understanding this sequence beforehand reduces confusion during a stressful emergency. The AED itself provides instructions, but knowing the general process removes uncertainty.

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When you discover someone who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, first call 911 immediately. If you are alone, put your phone on speaker so you can hear the dispatcher while using the AED. The dispatcher can provide guidance and may coach you through the process. Send another bystander to find and bring the nearest AED if one is available nearby.

Once the AED arrives, turn it on by pressing the power button. Some models turn on automatically when you open the lid. The device will begin giving voice prompts. Remove the person's clothing from the chest area. If the chest is wet, dry it with cloth or a shirt. If the person has excessive chest hair, some AEDs include razors in the case for quickly clearing the area, though this step is optional and should not delay pad placement.

Peel the backing from the adhesive electrode pads. Place one pad on the right side of the chest below the collarbone. Place the second pad on the left side of the chest at the midaxillary line, roughly where the armpit is located. Press firmly around the edges of each pad to ensure good contact with skin. The device will analyze the heart rhythm, which takes several seconds. Do not touch the person during this analysis.

If the AED recommends a shock, ensure no one is touching the person, then either press the shock button (semi-automatic) or stand back while the device delivers the shock automatically. After the shock, or if no shock is needed, resume CPR immediately. Continue CPR by pushing hard and fast on the chest at least 100 compressions per minute. Most AEDs provide prompts telling you when to switch from CPR to let the device re-analyze the rhythm. Continue this cycle until emergency responders arrive or the person shows signs of life.

Practical Takeaway: The most important actions are calling 911 first and starting CPR. The AED is a tool that assists CPR,