Your Free Guide to Cleaning Fruits With Baking Soda

Why Baking Soda Works for Washing Produce

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a naturally occurring compound that has been used for cleaning purposes for over a century. When it comes to washing fruits and vegetables, baking soda works through a simple chemical process. The mild alkaline nature of baking soda helps break down the waxy coating and residue that accumulates on produce during growing, harvesting, and transport. Research from the University of Massachusetts tested different washing methods and found that baking soda was more effective at removing certain pesticide residues than plain water alone.

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The reason baking soda is particularly useful involves how it interacts with different types of residues. When dissolved in water, baking soda creates a mildly alkaline solution that can dissolve oils and waxy substances better than water alone. This is important because many pesticides and natural plant waxes are oil-based and don't dissolve well in plain water. Additionally, the slight abrasive texture of baking soda particles can help gently scrub away surface debris without damaging delicate fruit skin.

Unlike commercial fruit washes that may contain additional chemicals, baking soda is inexpensive and something most households already have in their kitchens. A single box of baking soda costs between one and three dollars and can be used for dozens of produce-washing sessions. This makes it an economical option for families looking to reduce their exposure to residues without spending significant money on specialty products.

Practical Takeaway: Baking soda's mild alkaline properties help remove waxy coatings and residue from produce more effectively than water alone, making it a useful and affordable washing option for most households.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Washing Different Fruits

The basic method for using baking soda involves creating a solution and soaking or scrubbing produce with it. To make a standard washing solution, mix one teaspoon of baking soda with two cups of water. For harder produce like apples, pears, and root vegetables, this solution works well when used with gentle scrubbing. Fill a bowl with the baking soda solution and submerge the fruit for one to two minutes. Using a soft brush, vegetable brush, or even a soft cloth, gently scrub the surface under running water while in the solution. After scrubbing, rinse thoroughly under clean running water until the baking soda residue is completely gone. This rinsing step is important because you don't want baking soda taste to remain on the fruit.

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For softer fruits like berries, peaches, and stone fruits, a gentler approach works better. Rather than soaking, spray the baking soda solution directly onto the fruit or dip each piece individually. These fruits have more delicate skin that can be damaged by vigorous scrubbing, so use only your fingers or a very soft cloth to gently clean the surface. For berries in particular, place them in a colander or strainer and spray them with the solution, then rinse under cool running water. The flowing water will clean the berries without the need for physical scrubbing.

For leafy greens and vegetables like lettuce, spinach, and kale, the soaking method works well but requires a larger container. Mix one teaspoon of baking soda with a gallon of water to accommodate the larger volume of produce. Submerge the greens for one to two minutes, agitate gently with your hands to ensure all surfaces contact the solution, then rinse thoroughly in clean water. You may want to rinse leafy greens multiple times to ensure all baking soda residue is removed, as small particles can cling to the leaves.

Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes can be cleaned using the basic baking soda solution with gentle scrubbing. These fruits have thicker skin and can tolerate more vigorous cleaning. After washing with baking soda solution and rinsing well, you can use a clean cloth to dry them. If you plan to zest citrus fruit or use the peel in cooking, washing with baking soda becomes even more worthwhile, as the peel will contain any residues that were on the surface.

Practical Takeaway: Adjust your washing technique based on fruit type—use scrubbing for hard fruits and a gentler spray-and-rinse method for delicate berries and leafy greens to prevent damage.

Understanding What Residues Baking Soda Actually Removes

It's important to understand what baking soda can and cannot remove from produce. Research indicates that baking soda is effective at removing certain synthetic pesticide residues, particularly those that are oil-based or waxy in nature. A 2017 study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry examined baking soda's effectiveness against thiabendazole, a fungicide commonly used on citrus fruits. The study found that a baking soda wash removed significantly more of this residue than water alone. However, the study also showed that baking soda did not remove 100 percent of all residues, which is realistic and important to understand.

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Natural dirt, soil, and bacteria on produce are also removed through baking soda washing. These physical contaminants are often the main concern when washing fresh produce, particularly vegetables that grow in soil like potatoes, carrots, and beets. The combination of the baking soda solution's cleaning action and physical scrubbing effectively removes these visible and microscopic particles. This is beneficial for food safety, as soil can harbor bacteria like E. coli.

It's worth noting that different pesticides behave differently. Water-soluble pesticides may rinse off with plain water alone, while others bond more strongly to the fruit's waxy coating and require the stronger cleaning action of baking soda. No single washing method removes all possible residues from produce. The goal of washing fruit with baking soda is not to achieve absolute purity but rather to reduce the residue load that remains on the fruit before eating or cooking it.

The Environmental Working Group publishes annual lists of produce with higher and lower pesticide residue levels. Fruits like strawberries, spinach, and peaches consistently rank higher in residue levels, while avocados, corn, and pineapple rank lower. If you're concerned about residues, you may want to prioritize baking soda washing for produce on the higher-residue list while using simpler washing methods for items on the lower-residue list.

Practical Takeaway: Baking soda removes certain oil-based pesticides and physical debris but won't eliminate all residues; it's most effective on produce with higher reported residue levels.

Safety Considerations and When Not to Use Baking Soda

While baking soda is generally safe for washing produce, there are some considerations to keep in mind. First, ensure that you are using food-grade or standard baking soda intended for cooking and cleaning, not industrial-grade sodium bicarbonate. Check the label on your baking soda box to confirm it's appropriate for food-related uses. Most baking soda sold in grocery stores is suitable for this purpose.

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One important safety consideration involves the water you use to make your baking soda solution. The water should be clean and safe to drink, as it will be in direct contact with food you'll consume. If your tap water is questionable or you live in an area with water quality concerns, consider using filtered or bottled water to make your solution. After washing produce with baking soda solution, always rinse thoroughly with clean, safe water to remove any remaining baking soda residue before eating or cooking.

There are specific produce items where baking soda washing may not be appropriate. Extremely delicate items like raspberries, blackberries, and ripe bananas can be damaged by the soaking and rinsing process, even with gentle handling. For these items, a simple rinse under cool running water may be sufficient. Additionally, if produce is already damaged, cut, or bruised, avoid soaking it in baking soda solution, as bacteria can more easily penetrate damaged areas and the soaking could worsen the damage.

Individuals with certain dietary restrictions should be aware that while the baking soda is rinsed away, trace amounts might remain if rinsing isn't thorough. People on sodium-restricted diets for health reasons may want to ensure especially thorough rinsing, though the amount of sodium transferred to produce through this method is minimal compared to other dietary sources