Your Free Guide to Blocking Spam Calls

Understanding How Spam Calls Work

Spam calls have become one of the most common complaints to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 2023, Americans received an estimated 26.3 billion spam calls per year—an average of about 50 spam calls per person annually. Understanding how these calls reach your phone is the first step toward protecting yourself.

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Scammers and telemarketers use several methods to deliver unwanted calls. They purchase lists of phone numbers from data brokers, use auto-dialers that randomly generate number combinations, or target numbers published online. Some callers spoof their caller ID, making it appear the call is coming from a local number, a business you recognize, or even a government agency. This spoofing technology makes it difficult to identify fraudulent calls immediately.

There are different categories of spam calls. Robocalls deliver pre-recorded messages about products, services, or scams. Telemarketing calls from legitimate companies attempt to sell you goods or services. Scam calls impersonate banks, the IRS, Social Security Administration, or tech companies to steal personal information or money. Debt collection calls may be legitimate attempts to collect real debts, or they may be scammers posing as collectors to frighten you into paying fake debts.

Call centers operating outside the United States often make it harder for law enforcement to take action. Some use Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services that require minimal investment to start an operation. The low cost of launching these services means new scam operations appear constantly, even after others are shut down.

Practical takeaway: Knowing that spoofing and auto-dialers are common tactics helps you stay skeptical of caller ID information. Never assume a call is legitimate based solely on what your phone displays.

Built-In Phone Features for Blocking Calls

Both Apple and Android devices offer native call-blocking features that require no additional software or subscription fees. These tools work directly within your phone's operating system and represent your first line of defense against unwanted calls.

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iPhone users can access call-blocking through the Phone app settings. In the Contacts app, you can select any contact and choose "Block this Caller." Once blocked, that number cannot reach you by phone or text. iPhones also include a "Silence Unknown Callers" feature in the Settings app under Phone. When activated, calls from numbers not in your contacts go directly to voicemail, and those voicemails appear in a separate section. This feature is particularly useful because it screens calls from likely spam sources while ensuring important contacts can still reach you immediately.

Android devices offer similar protection through their Phone app. Most Android phones include a "Block numbers" option accessible by long-pressing a number in your call history or contacts. You can also enable "Spam protection" in the Phone app settings, which varies by manufacturer. Google Pixel phones, for example, include Call Screen, which can automatically block suspected spam calls. Samsung devices offer a similar feature called "Block Mode."

These built-in tools maintain a personal blocklist specific to your phone. While they stop known spam numbers, they do not stop new numbers or spoofed calls. However, they require no setup, cost nothing, and do not collect your data, making them a practical starting point for any user.

Practical takeaway: Spend 10 minutes exploring your phone's native settings today. Enabling silence or block features takes moments and immediately reduces unwanted calls from numbers you don't recognize.

Third-Party Call Filtering and Blocking Apps

Several reputable apps offer more advanced spam filtering beyond what built-in phone features provide. These applications use databases of known spam and scam numbers, machine learning to identify patterns, and community reporting to improve their detection. Many offer both free and paid versions, with free tiers providing solid basic protection.

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TrueCaller, available on both iOS and Android, maintains one of the largest spam number databases in the world, with over 500 million numbers in their system. The free version blocks calls and texts from known spam sources and shows caller ID information for unknown numbers. Nomorobo is another well-regarded option that works by filtering calls at your carrier level before they reach your phone. RoboKiller uses audio fingerprinting technology to identify and block robocalls in real time.

When selecting an app, examine what permissions it requests. Legitimate call-blocking apps need access to your call history and contacts to function, but they should not request unnecessary permissions like access to your photos, location, or banking apps. Read the privacy policy to understand how the app handles your data. Reputable companies clearly state whether they sell data to third parties or share information with advertisers.

Free versions of these apps typically provide core call-blocking features, while paid subscriptions offer additional tools such as call recording, advanced caller ID lookup, or priority support. For most users, free versions offer sufficient protection. However, if you receive constant calls or want advanced features, paid options range from $3 to $10 per month.

Practical takeaway: Download a free third-party app alongside your phone's built-in tools. The combination of multiple filtering layers catches more spam than either method alone. Choose apps from established companies with clear privacy policies.

Carrier-Level Blocking and Protection Services

Your phone carrier—whether that is AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, or another provider—offers call-blocking services that work at the network level before spam calls even reach your device. These services have access to massive amounts of call data flowing through their networks, allowing them to identify patterns and block calls before they complete.

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AT&T offers Call Protect (free basic version, with a paid premium option), Verizon provides Call Filter (free basic version with paid premium), and T-Mobile includes Scam Shield (free version with optional paid upgrades). These services work by analyzing call patterns across their entire network. When a call exhibits characteristics of spam—such as originating from a known scam center, using spoofed numbers, or making thousands of identical calls—the system can block it automatically.

The advantage of carrier-level blocking is that it does not drain your phone's battery or require managing additional apps. It operates transparently in the background. Many carriers also provide a "Spam Risk" label that appears on your phone's display for suspected spam calls, allowing you to ignore them without adding them to your blocklist.

To activate your carrier's protection, contact customer service through your carrier's app or website, or call the customer service number on your bill. Most carriers enable at least the basic free version automatically, but you may need to opt in. Paid premium versions typically cost $3 to $5 per month and offer additional features such as notifications about blocked calls, the ability to whitelist specific numbers, or call recording.

Practical takeaway: Contact your phone carrier and confirm that call-blocking services are activated on your account. Many carriers offer this at no cost and have already enabled it—you simply need to verify your status.

What to Do When You Receive a Spam Call

Despite all prevention measures, some spam calls will still reach your phone. How you respond in these moments affects both your safety and the information available to law enforcement and consumer protection agencies.

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If you answer a spam call, follow these steps: First, do not provide any personal information, including your name, address, Social Security number, banking details, or answers to security questions. Legitimate organizations already have this information and will not ask for it over an unsolicited call. Hang up immediately if the caller asks for sensitive data.

If the caller claims to be from a government agency like the IRS or Social Security Administration, be especially cautious. The IRS never initiates contact by phone about tax issues—they communicate through mail. The Social Security Administration does not call about benefit issues unless you have applied for benefits and requested a callback. Hang up and call the official agency directly using a number from their website to verify whether the call was legitimate.

After hanging up, you can report the number. The FCC maintains a consumer complaint center online where you can file reports about unwanted calls. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also accepts reports at ReportFraud.ftc.gov. These reports help identify patterns and inform law enforcement priorities. Additionally, report the number to your carrier and add it to your phone's blocklist to prevent future calls from that number.

Never call a number back that appeared on your phone during a spam call. Scammers sometimes use