Learn About Traffic Fines And Your Options

Traffic Violation Categories and How They Are Classified

Traffic violations fall into different categories based on their severity and the potential harm they pose to public safety. Understanding these categories helps explain why some violations result in minor fines while others carry more serious consequences. Most jurisdictions organize violations into three primary tiers: infractions, misdemeanors, and felonies, though the specific names and definitions vary by state and local laws.

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Infractions represent the least serious category of traffic violations. These are typically handled through a civil process rather than a criminal one, meaning you are not technically arrested or charged with a crime. Common infractions include speeding in a residential zone, running a red light, expired registration, improper lane changes, and parking violations. Because infractions are considered minor, they usually result in a fine and possibly points on your driving record. In many cases, you can resolve an infraction by mail without appearing in court. The fines are typically modest, ranging from $25 to $300 depending on the violation and jurisdiction.

Misdemeanor traffic violations represent a middle tier of severity. These violations involve reckless or dangerous driving behavior that creates a genuine risk to others on the road. Examples include driving with a suspended license, reckless driving, hit-and-run with property damage only, and driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while impaired (DWI). Misdemeanor violations are handled through the criminal justice system, which means you may face arrest, fingerprinting, and a court appearance. Consequences can include fines ranging from $250 to $1,000 or more, possible jail time (typically up to one year), community service, and mandatory programs such as traffic school or substance abuse counseling. A misdemeanor conviction will create a permanent criminal record unless you later petition to have it expunged or sealed.

Felony traffic violations are the most serious category. These occur when traffic violations result in significant harm or death, or when someone has multiple serious violations within a certain timeframe. Examples include felony DUI (often triggered after multiple DUI convictions), hit-and-run resulting in injury or death, vehicular assault, and driving with a suspended license due to prior DUI convictions. Felonies carry substantial penalties, including substantial fines, prison time (typically one or more years), license suspension or revocation, and a permanent criminal record. Some felony convictions may also affect voting rights, employment prospects, and housing options.

Many jurisdictions also recognize a category sometimes called "serious infractions" or "gross misdemeanors." These fall between standard infractions and full misdemeanors. Examples might include excessive speeding (such as 30+ miles per hour over the limit), causing an accident while violating traffic law, or aggressive driving that endangers others. These violations often carry higher fines and mandatory court appearances compared to simple infractions, but may not result in a criminal record the way misdemeanors do.

Practical Takeaway: When you receive a citation, the document itself will typically indicate the classification (infraction, misdemeanor, or felony) and the specific statute or code violated. Understanding this classification helps you anticipate what options and consequences may apply. If you are uncertain about the severity level of your citation, you can research your state's traffic code or contact the court listed on the citation for clarification.

How Traffic Fine Amounts Are Determined and What Additional Costs May Apply

Traffic fines are not arbitrary figures—they are established by law and vary significantly based on several concrete factors. The base fine amount is typically set by state statute or local municipal code, and it establishes a starting point from which adjustments may be made. Understanding how these amounts are calculated helps you anticipate what you might owe and recognize whether additional fees have been properly added.

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The type and severity of the violation is the primary factor determining base fine amounts. A violation of a higher-risk statute generally carries a higher base fine. For example, speeding 10 miles per hour over the limit in a school zone might have a base fine of $150, while speeding 10 miles per hour over the limit on a highway might have a base fine of $75. Similarly, running a red light in residential areas often carries a higher base fine than running a red light on a commercial road. Most states publish their fine schedules in vehicle or traffic codes, which can often be found online through the state legislature's website or the state's judicial system website.

The speed at which you were traveling, relative to the posted limit, directly impacts the fine in speeding cases. Many jurisdictions use a tiered system where fines increase with each additional mile per hour over the limit. For instance, one state's fine schedule might charge $50 for 1-5 mph over, $100 for 6-10 mph over, $150 for 11-15 mph over, and so on. This means the exact amount you were exceeding the limit matters considerably. The officer's citation should indicate the speed at which they clocked you, and this figure is essential to understanding your fine calculation.

Prior violation history can significantly increase fines. Many jurisdictions have "repeat offender" statutes that impose higher fines if you have been cited for the same or similar violation within a certain period (commonly 3-5 years). For example, a first speeding ticket might carry a $150 base fine, but a second speeding ticket within three years might be $200, and a third might be $250 or more. Some jurisdictions will increase fines by 25-50% for repeat violations of the same type. You can sometimes find your driving history through your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website, which helps you understand whether a repeat violation surcharge might apply.

Beyond the base fine, numerous additional fees and costs accumulate. Court processing fees or administrative fees are nearly universal and typically range from $20 to $100 depending on the jurisdiction and the type of violation. These fees cover the cost of administering the court system and processing citations. County or local surcharges may apply, often adding another $10-50 to your total. Many jurisdictions impose traffic safety or "safety improvement" fees—these are sometimes called "Weitere" fees or "court operations" fees and typically range from $15-75. They purportedly support traffic safety programs or court operations.

If you attend traffic school or a driver improvement program, tuition fees apply separately. These programs typically cost $50-300 depending on your location and whether you take an in-person or online course. If you receive a license suspension, reinstatement fees will be required to restore your driving privileges, commonly ranging from $50-500 depending on the reason for suspension and your state's policies. Some violations also trigger mandatory programs (such as DUI education for impaired driving cases), which carry their own separate fees, often $200-1,000 or more.

Penalty assessments are another category of costs. California, for example, imposes a "penalty assessment" that multiplies the base fine amount—meaning if your base fine is $100, you might pay an additional $100 or more in assessments. These assessments ostensibly fund victim assistance and emergency services. Other states use different names but apply similar multipliers.

Some jurisdictions offer payment plans or reduced fines for lower-income individuals, though you typically must demonstrate financial hardship through a court process. A few locations have community service options that allow you to work off a portion or all of the fine. The citation should explain whether these options exist in your jurisdiction, or you can contact the court to inquire.

Practical Takeaway: Add up the base fine (listed on your citation), court costs, administrative fees, and any mandatory program costs to understand your total financial obligation. Request an itemized breakdown if the citation does not clearly list all charges. Before paying, verify the violation and the fine amount by checking your state's traffic code online or contacting the court. If the charges seem inconsistent with similar violations in your area, you can raise this concern when you respond to the citation.

Your Options for Responding to a Traffic Citation

When you receive a traffic citation, you generally have several paths forward. The citation document should explain your options and the deadline for responding—typically 10 to 30 days depending on your jurisdiction. Understanding each option, including its process and typical outcomes, helps you make an informed decision about how to proceed.

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Paying the fine is the most straightforward option and is how the majority of citations are resolved. When you pay, you are essentially admitting guilt or accepting responsibility for the violation. You typically pay through one of several methods: by mail by sending a check with the citation, online through the court's website (many courts now offer this), by phone by calling the court and providing credit