Learn About Passport Application Processes

Understanding What a Passport Is and Why People Need One

A passport is an official travel document issued by a country's government that proves your identity and citizenship. It allows you to travel internationally and serves as proof that you are who you claim to be when crossing borders. The United States passport, for example, is issued by the U.S. Department of State and contains your photograph, signature, date of birth, and other identifying information.

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Passports come in different forms depending on your needs. The standard passport book is the most common type and is valid for 10 years for adults (those 16 and older) and 5 years for children under 16. There is also the passport card, which is smaller and less expensive but can only be used for travel to certain countries and by certain transportation methods. Some people carry both types for different travel situations.

Many countries around the world require visitors to have a valid passport to enter. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, over 4 billion international passenger trips occur each year, and nearly all of them require a passport or similar travel document. Even if you plan to travel to nearby countries by car or boat, most nations still require a passport at the border.

Beyond travel, passports serve other purposes. They can be used as a form of identification for various government services, and some employers may require employees to have a valid passport if their job involves international work. Understanding what a passport is and recognizing why you might need one is the first step in learning about the process to obtain one.

Practical Takeaway: Before starting the passport process, determine which type of passport suits your travel plans. If you only travel by car to Canada or Mexico, a passport card may be sufficient and more affordable. If you travel internationally by air, you'll need the standard passport book.

Required Documents and Identification for Passport Submission

Before you can submit a passport request, you'll need to gather several documents that prove your identity and citizenship. The specific documents required vary slightly depending on whether you're obtaining your first passport, renewing an existing one, or replacing a lost or damaged passport. Understanding what you need ahead of time can prevent delays and frustration.

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For U.S. passport applications, proof of citizenship is essential. This typically means providing an original or certified copy of your birth certificate, naturalization certificate, or certificate of citizenship. The birth certificate must be an official certified copy from the vital records office where you were born—a photocopy or hospital-issued copy will not be accepted. If you were born outside the United States to a U.S. citizen parent, you may need a Consular Report of Birth Abroad or similar documentation.

You will also need to provide a valid form of government-issued identification. For adults, this usually means a driver's license or state identification card. For minors, a school ID, state ID, or other government-issued document showing a photo may be acceptable. If you don't have any of these forms of identification, you can use other documents such as a military ID or passport card as proof of identity.

A new passport photograph is required for most applications. The photograph must meet specific requirements: it should be in color, taken within the last six months, and show your full face clearly. The background must be white or off-white, and you cannot wear glasses, hats, or uniforms in the photo (with limited exceptions for religious headwear). Many passport acceptance facilities can take photos on-site, or you can have them taken at pharmacies, portrait studios, or other photo services. The standard passport photo size is 2 by 2 inches.

Additional documents may be required in certain situations. If you've changed your name, you'll need documentation of the legal name change such as a marriage certificate or court order. If you're renewing a passport that's still valid, you may be able to use a simplified process with fewer documents, though requirements change based on the passport's condition and how long it's been expired.

Practical Takeaway: Gather all required documents before visiting a passport acceptance facility. Order a certified copy of your birth certificate several weeks in advance if you don't already have one—this single item causes the most delays in passport processing.

Where to Submit Your Passport Request and Processing Times

You cannot submit a passport request directly to the government office that issues passports. Instead, you must visit an authorized acceptance facility in person. These facilities verify your documents, take your photograph if needed, and submit your application on your behalf. Understanding where these facilities are located and what to expect when you visit can help you prepare.

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In the United States, passport acceptance facilities include post offices, libraries, courthouses, and designated government offices. The State Department maintains an online tool where you can search for acceptance facilities near your address by zip code. Many post offices in urban and suburban areas accept passport applications, while some rural areas may require you to travel to a courthouse or library. Libraries that accept passport applications are typically larger branch locations in public library systems, not small neighborhood branches.

Processing times vary significantly depending on demand and which service level you choose. Standard processing typically takes 6 to 8 weeks, though times can extend during busy travel seasons (spring and summer months often have longer processing times). Expedited processing, which takes 2 to 3 weeks, costs an additional fee. In true emergencies—such as a family death or last-minute international business—some facilities offer rush service within 24 hours, though this requires visiting a passport agency in person and involves substantial additional fees.

According to the U.S. State Department, passport agencies processed over 18 million passports in 2022, and demand continues to be high. During the summer of 2023, processing times exceeded 8 weeks for standard service at some locations due to increased travel demand. Planning ahead and submitting your request well before travel dates is important because processing times can fluctuate.

When you visit an acceptance facility, you cannot complete the application on the spot and leave with your passport. The facility will verify your documents, collect your application fee, and send your documents to a processing center. You'll receive tracking information so you can monitor your application's progress. Some facilities allow you to schedule appointments in advance, which can reduce wait times during busy periods.

Practical Takeaway: If you need a passport for travel within the next three months, apply for expedited processing. If you have more than three months before your trip, standard processing is more affordable and almost always sufficient to meet your deadline.

Fees, Payment Methods, and Cost Information

Passport applications involve multiple fees that vary based on the type of passport, your age, and whether you choose standard or expedited processing. Understanding the complete cost before you visit an acceptance facility helps you bring the correct payment and avoid surprises. Fees are set by the federal government and are the same nationwide.

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For adults 16 and older obtaining a passport book for the first time, the total cost is approximately $130 (this includes the application fee and execution fee). Renewing an expired passport book costs about $110 if you can use the by-mail renewal process, or $130 if you must apply in person. A passport card for first-time applicants costs around $35, while renewing a card costs approximately $30. If you want both a book and a card together, the combined cost is roughly $165 for first-time applicants.

Children under 16 have different fees because their passports are only valid for 5 years instead of 10. A passport book for a child costs approximately $105, while a passport card costs around $35. Both a child's book and card together total roughly $140. These fees are lower than adult passports because they expire sooner.

Expedited processing adds $60 to any application. This fee is in addition to the base application fees. Rush service at a passport agency, available for genuine emergencies, adds even more—typically $35 to $70 depending on the service. Some passport acceptance facilities also charge a small facility fee (usually $0 to $35) on top of government fees, though many post offices do not charge an additional facility fee.

Payment methods accepted at most acceptance facilities include cash, checks, and credit or debit cards. Some locations may accept only certain payment types, so it's worth confirming when you schedule an appointment or call ahead. You cannot pay online or by mail before visiting—payment is made in person at the acceptance facility. The acceptance facility will provide you with a receipt showing what you paid.

Fees are subject to change and have increased several times over the past decade. In 2021, fees increased by $5 to $