Learn About Obtaining Your 1099 Form

Understanding What a 1099 Form Is and Why It Matters

A 1099 form is a tax document that reports income you received from sources other than a traditional employer. Unlike a W-2 form, which employees receive from companies that withhold taxes automatically, a 1099 form documents income from self-employment, freelance work, contract work, investments, or other non-employment sources. The IRS requires businesses and financial institutions to send 1099 forms to people who received certain types of income during the tax year.

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The term "1099" refers to a series of forms numbered in the 1099 range. The most common type is the 1099-NEC (Nonemployee Compensation), which reports income paid to independent contractors and self-employed individuals. Other variations include the 1099-MISC (Miscellaneous Income), 1099-INT (Interest Income), 1099-DIV (Dividend Income), and 1099-K (Payment Card Transactions). Each form tracks different types of income and serves a specific purpose in the tax reporting process.

Understanding 1099 forms is important because they directly affect your tax filing obligations and the amount of taxes you may owe. If you received a 1099 form, the IRS has a record of that income, and you are expected to report it on your tax return. The person or business that issued the 1099 also sends a copy to the IRS, so your tax return needs to match the information on the form. Not reporting 1099 income, or reporting it incorrectly, can create problems with the IRS.

Practical Takeaway: If you work as an independent contractor, freelancer, or receive income from sources like rental properties, investments, or payments through digital platforms, you should expect to receive 1099 forms. Keeping organized records of all income you receive helps you prepare your tax return accurately and avoid discrepancies with the IRS.

When and How You Receive Your 1099 Forms

Businesses and financial institutions are required by law to send 1099 forms to taxpayers by January 31st each year. This deadline applies to forms reporting income received during the previous calendar year. For example, if you received freelance income in 2023, you should receive a 1099 form by January 31, 2024. The business or organization that paid you must also send a copy to the IRS on the same deadline, so timing is important for tax compliance.

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You may receive your 1099 form through several methods. Many companies now send 1099 forms electronically through secure online accounts or email. Some businesses still mail physical copies through the postal service. Digital payment platforms like PayPal, Square, Stripe, and others typically provide 1099 forms through their websites where you can log in to view and print them. You should check both your email and physical mailbox starting in late January. If you do not receive a 1099 form by early February, contact the person or business that paid you to request it.

It is common to receive multiple 1099 forms if you had income from different sources. For example, a freelance writer who receives income from three different publications and interest from a savings account might receive three 1099-NEC forms and one 1099-INT form. You need to track all of them and report all the income on your tax return. Some people receive their 1099 forms spread out over several weeks, so patience and organization are important during tax season.

Certain income thresholds determine whether someone must send you a 1099 form. Generally, a 1099-NEC must be issued if you were paid $600 or more during the year for nonemployee compensation. Thresholds vary for other 1099 types—for example, interest income thresholds may be different. However, you should report all income on your tax return, regardless of whether you receive a 1099 form, so do not assume income below certain thresholds does not need to be reported.

Practical Takeaway: Create a folder or digital file starting in January to collect all 1099 forms as they arrive. Note the dates you receive them and from which organizations. If you have not received all expected 1099 forms by mid-February, reach out to the businesses that paid you to confirm they have your correct mailing address or email.

Locating and Retrieving Lost or Missing 1099 Forms

If you did not receive a 1099 form you were expecting, several steps can help you locate it. First, contact the person or business that paid you directly. They may have an incorrect address on file, or the form may still be in the mail. Provide them with your current mailing address or email address and ask them to resend the form or provide you with the information contained on it. Most businesses keep records of what they sent and can assist with replacement copies or corrected forms if needed.

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Many payment platforms and businesses allow you to retrieve 1099 information through their online portals. If you received income through PayPal, Square, Stripe, Upwork, or similar services, log into your account and look for tax documents or 1099 information. These platforms usually provide the option to view, print, or download your tax forms directly. You may not need to contact customer service if the form is already available in your account.

If you cannot locate a missing 1099 form and cannot contact the business that sent it, you can still report the income on your tax return. You are required to report all income, even without a 1099 form. Use whatever records you have—invoices, payment confirmations, bank deposits—to determine the amount of income received. Keep these records organized in case the IRS has questions about the income reported.

If you receive a corrected 1099 form, it will be clearly marked as a "corrected" version. The IRS allows businesses to issue corrected forms until March 31st of the year following the tax year in question. If you receive a corrected 1099 after filing your taxes, you may need to file an amended return, depending on the differences between the original and corrected versions. The IRS provides specific instructions for handling corrected forms on their website.

Practical Takeaway: Keep contact information for all businesses that paid you during the tax year so you can reach them if 1099 forms do not arrive. Ask for confirmation of your mailing address or email when communicating with them. Do not wait until the last minute to gather missing forms—start looking for them in late January.

Reading and Understanding 1099 Form Information

A 1099 form contains specific boxes that report different types of information about the income you received. Learning what each box means helps you verify the information is correct and report it on your tax return accurately. The top of the form shows the business or payer's name, address, and tax identification number. Your name, address, and Social Security number should also appear on the form. Always check that your identifying information is correct before using the form for tax purposes.

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The main income amount typically appears in one of the numbered boxes, depending on the 1099 type. On a 1099-NEC, box 1 shows nonemployee compensation. This is the total amount the business paid you for services. Other boxes may show federal income tax withheld, state income tax withheld, or other types of payments. For a 1099-INT, boxes show interest income and U.S. Savings Bond interest separately. For a 1099-DIV, boxes show ordinary dividends, qualified dividends, and capital gain distributions. Understanding which box contains your primary income ensures you report it in the correct place on your tax return.

Some 1099 forms include boxes for state and local tax information. If you worked in or conducted business in multiple states, you may receive 1099 forms showing income allocation by state. This is important for state tax filing purposes. You should report state income on your state tax return, not your federal return. Keep track of which states the income came from, as you may owe taxes to multiple state taxing authorities.

If you believe the information on a 1099 form is incorrect—for example, the income amount does not match your records—contact the business that issued it and ask for a corrected form. Common errors include duplicate payments being reported, wrong amounts, or incorrect names. Getting corrections in writing ensures you have documentation if questions arise later. Never ignore a 1099 form you believe is wrong; address the discrepancy with the payer before filing your taxes