How to Clean a Wool Blanket Properly

Understanding Wool Fabric and Why Special Care Matters

Wool is a natural fiber that comes from sheep, goats, alpacas, and other animals. Unlike cotton or synthetic materials, wool has a unique structure with tiny scales along each fiber. These scales can lock together when exposed to heat, moisture, and agitation—a process called felting. Once felting occurs, the wool becomes permanently matted and the blanket shrinks, sometimes losing 20-30% of its original size.

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According to fiber care research, wool blankets require different treatment than everyday bedding because the fibers are more delicate than most people realize. A wool blanket that costs $150-$400 can be damaged beyond repair by a single wash in hot water with regular detergent. The scales on wool fibers are also sensitive to alkaline products, which is why standard laundry detergent—designed for synthetic fabrics—can cause the fibers to swell and deteriorate faster.

Wool has natural properties that make it valuable: it regulates temperature, resists odors, and naturally repels water to some degree. However, these same properties mean that wool blankets don't need washing as frequently as cotton blankets. Many wool blanket owners wash their blankets only once or twice per year, relying instead on regular airing and spot-cleaning for maintenance.

Understanding the structure of wool helps explain why certain cleaning methods work and others cause damage. The goal is to keep those protective scales lying flat and prevent the fibers from tangling together. This knowledge shapes every decision in the cleaning process, from water temperature to the type of detergent you select.

Practical Takeaway: Learn about your blanket's fiber content by checking the care label. If it's 100% wool or a wool blend, the methods in this guide apply. If it contains other fibers, adjust your approach based on the most delicate material present.

Preparing Your Wool Blanket Before Washing

Before your wool blanket touches water, preparation steps protect it from damage. Start by checking the care label attached to your blanket. This label contains information from the manufacturer about fiber content, recommended water temperature, and specific warnings. Labels use symbols—a water basin with numbers, an X mark, or other indicators—that communicate washing instructions. A single line under the symbol means gentle washing; a double line means extra gentle; an X means the item shouldn't be machine washed at all.

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Next, inspect the blanket for stains, tears, or loose seams. Small stains should be addressed with spot-cleaning before a full wash, not during it, because the agitation of washing can spread stains or push them deeper into the fibers. For tears or loose seams, consider having these repaired by a professional before washing, as water pressure can make existing damage worse. If you notice pills (those small balls of fiber that form on the surface), you can remove them gently with a fabric comb, but don't do this aggressively.

Test the blanket for colorfastness if it's dyed in deep colors like navy, burgundy, or black. Wet a white cloth with cool water and press it against an inconspicuous area of the blanket for 30 seconds. If color transfers to the white cloth, the blanket may bleed dye during washing. In this case, wash it separately or consider dry-cleaning instead. Some vintage or imported wool blankets have dyes that aren't colorfast.

Prepare your washing location by ensuring you have appropriate detergent on hand before you begin. Wool-specific detergents are available at most stores and cost $6-$15 per bottle. You'll need about one-quarter to one-half teaspoon per wash, so a bottle lasts through many washings. Never use regular laundry detergent, which contains enzymes and surfactants designed to break down oils and proteins—the same proteins that make up wool fibers.

Practical Takeaway: Spend 15 minutes preparing before you wash. Check the label, spot-clean any visible stains with a damp cloth, test for colorfastness, and gather your wool-specific detergent. This preparation prevents most washing disasters.

Hand Washing Methods for Maximum Protection

Hand washing is the safest cleaning method for wool blankets, especially those that are delicate, vintage, or expensive. Fill a large basin, bathtub, or sink with cool to lukewarm water—between 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit. Water that's too hot will trigger felting immediately. If you don't have a thermometer, water should feel cool to your wrist, not warm.

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Add wool-specific detergent to the water before submerging the blanket. Use only about one-quarter teaspoon to one-half teaspoon, even for a large blanket. Wool detergents are concentrated, and using more doesn't clean better—it makes rinsing more difficult and leaves residue that can damage the fibers. Swirl the detergent into the water to distribute it evenly.

Gently submerge the blanket by lifting one corner and laying it into the water. Don't bunch it up or force it down. Let it soak for 10-15 minutes. During this time, the cool water and gentle detergent will loosen dirt and dust without requiring scrubbing. Avoid agitation during the soak. If there are spot stains, you can gently squeeze the soapy water over those areas, but don't rub or scrub the fibers.

After soaking, drain the soapy water. Gently press the blanket against the side of the tub to remove excess water—don't wring it. Refill with clean, cool water at the same temperature and gently agitate the blanket to rinse. This rinsing step is critical; soap residue left in the fibers will make them feel stiff and attract dirt. Repeat the rinse cycle 2-3 times until the water runs clear and you don't see soap bubbles. Some people rinse with a small amount of white vinegar (one tablespoon per tub of water) in the final rinse, which helps remove any remaining detergent and restores softness.

Practical Takeaway: Hand washing takes about 45 minutes total but provides the gentlest cleaning. Use cool water, minimal detergent, and multiple rinses. This method works for all wool blankets and produces the best long-term results.

Machine Washing as a Faster Alternative

Some wool blankets can be machine washed if done carefully with the right settings. Check your blanket's care label first—if it shows a symbol with an X or indicates "hand wash only," skip machine washing and use the hand-washing method instead. If the label permits machine washing, look for the number in the water symbol (typically 30, 40, or 60 degrees Celsius) to determine the maximum temperature, which translates to lukewarm water in Fahrenheit.

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Use your washing machine's delicate, hand-wash, or wool-specific cycle if available. These cycles use cooler water, gentler agitation, and shorter spin times—typically 400-600 rotations per minute instead of the standard 1200+ rpm. A standard wash cycle creates too much agitation and can felt the blanket in a single wash. Some machines have a "wool" or "handwash" preset that automatically adjusts all settings; this is ideal if your machine has it.

Place the blanket in a mesh laundry bag before putting it in the machine. This provides an additional layer of protection by reducing direct contact between the blanket and the drum. The bag allows water and detergent to reach the fibers while reducing friction. Mesh bags cost $3-$8 and are reusable for years.

Add wool-specific detergent according to the package directions, but typically one-quarter to one-half teaspoon for a standard load. Do not use bleach, fabric softener, or dryer sheets with wool. These products damage the fiber structure. Wash in cool water—around 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit—and select the shortest spin cycle your machine offers. A shorter spin cycle means less force wringing out water, which reduces stress on the fibers.

Machine washing takes about 30-40 minutes and is faster than hand washing, but it carries slightly higher risk if settings aren't perfect. Use this method only if your blanket's label permits and