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Understanding Texas Permitless Carry Laws

Texas allows certain individuals to carry handguns without a permit in certain situations. This represents a significant shift in Texas gun laws that took effect on September 1, 2021. Before this date, Texas required a License to Carry (LTC) for most people who wanted to carry a handgun openly or concealed in public spaces. Understanding what changed and how current law works is essential for anyone interested in carrying a firearm in Texas.

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Under current Texas law, individuals who are legally allowed to possess firearms may carry handguns without first obtaining a permit from the state. However, there are specific circumstances and locations where permits are still required, and there are advantages to obtaining one even when not legally required. The law distinguishes between different types of carry situations and locations, each with its own rules.

It is important to note that while permitless carry exists, Texas still offers an official License to Carry for those who wish to obtain one. This license serves different purposes than it did before 2021. Many people choose to get a license for reasons including reciprocity with other states, to satisfy private property requirements, or to streamline certain processes. Understanding the difference between what you can do without a license and what a license provides is crucial.

Federal law also plays a role in firearm carry. Certain federal properties, such as federal courthouses, post offices, and federal military installations, have their own restrictions regardless of state law. Additionally, Native American tribal lands have their own regulations. Being aware of these overlapping rules helps you understand where and how you can carry a firearm legally.

Practical Takeaway: Learn the difference between permitless carry rights and the reasons people still obtain a License to Carry in Texas. This foundation helps you understand whether a license makes sense for your situation.

Who Can Legally Carry in Texas

Not everyone in Texas may carry a firearm. Federal and state law create restrictions based on several factors. Understanding these restrictions is the first step in determining whether carrying a handgun is a legal option for you. The restrictions apply whether you carry with or without a permit.

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Federal law prohibits certain categories of people from possessing firearms. These include individuals convicted of felonies, people subject to certain domestic violence restraining orders, individuals adjudicated as mentally ill in specific ways, and those with certain drug convictions. Additionally, federal law restricts firearm possession for people who are subject to protective orders or have been convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence. Non-U.S. citizens who are illegally present in the country are also prohibited from possessing firearms under federal law.

Texas state law adds additional restrictions beyond federal requirements. Texas prohibits firearm possession for people with specific types of criminal convictions, those subject to certain protective orders issued by Texas courts, and individuals with certain mental health adjudications under Texas law. The specifics matter—not every criminal conviction or protective order triggers a prohibition, and the type and circumstances of the conviction or order affect whether possession is legally prohibited.

Age restrictions also apply. Federal law requires that rifle and shotgun purchases occur through licensed dealers who verify the buyer is at least 18 years old. For handguns, federal law requires buyers to be at least 21 years old when purchasing from licensed dealers. Texas generally follows these age restrictions for possession as well, though there are limited exceptions for supervised hunting and sport shooting activities.

Additionally, if you are not a U.S. citizen, immigration status affects firearm possession rights. Permanent legal residents and people with certain visas may have different rights than undocumented individuals. Military status can also create specific circumstances and restrictions.

Practical Takeaway: Review the federal and state restrictions carefully. If you have questions about your specific situation—such as a past criminal conviction, a protective order, or immigration status—research what Texas and federal law say about your circumstances before attempting to carry.

Where You Cannot Carry a Handgun in Texas

Even if you are legally allowed to carry a handgun, Texas law prohibits carrying in many locations. These restrictions apply whether you carry with a License to Carry or rely on permitless carry rights. Understanding prohibited locations is essential to staying within the law.

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Schools and educational facilities are major restricted areas. Texas law prohibits carrying handguns in public schools, private schools, and on school property, including parking areas. Universities and college campuses also restrict handgun carry in most areas, though some Texas universities allow carry in specific locations under state law. School buses and other vehicles used for school transportation are off-limits for handgun carry. Violations of school property restrictions carry serious penalties including felony charges.

Government buildings have restrictions. Federal courthouses, federal office buildings, and certain state office buildings prohibit handguns. The rules vary depending on the specific building and its security requirements. Some government buildings may allow carry while others do not. Signs indicating whether firearms are prohibited should be posted at entrances, though not all buildings clearly mark their policies.

Private property owners have the right to prohibit firearms on their property. Businesses, restaurants, and private establishments may post signs indicating that firearms are not permitted. Texas law requires that these signs meet specific requirements to be legally binding, but once properly posted, carrying onto that property despite the sign creates legal liability. Many businesses that do not post signs still have policies against firearms; it is your responsibility to know or ask about a business's policy.

Additional restricted locations include certain mental health facilities, correctional facilities, secure detention facilities, and premises serving alcohol where the primary purpose is consumption of alcohol (such as bars). Courthouses and certain courthouse areas prohibit handguns. National parks and certain federal lands have their own restrictions. Some private clubs, entertainment venues, and sports arenas prohibit firearms.

Practical Takeaway: Before carrying in any location, verify that handguns are permitted there. Check for posted signs, call ahead to ask about business policies, and research specific locations you plan to visit regularly.

The License to Carry in Texas

Texas offers an optional License to Carry (LTC) for people who wish to have an official permit. While no longer required for many situations, the license provides specific legal benefits and is necessary for certain purposes. Understanding what the license is, what it costs, and what it provides helps you decide whether obtaining one makes sense for your circumstances.

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The License to Carry in Texas is a document issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety. It indicates that the holder has completed a background check and met state requirements. The license is valid for five years from the date of issuance. The cost for a five-year license is $40 for most people, though reduced fees apply to certain populations including seniors (65 and older), certain military members, and people receiving certain government assistance. Some people may be exempt from fees entirely. The license is portable—you carry the physical card with you.

One major reason people obtain an LTC is reciprocity with other states. Texas has reciprocity agreements with many other states that recognize a Texas LTC. This means that if you travel to another state, your Texas license may allow you to carry there even if you could not carry without one. However, reciprocity agreements vary—some states recognize Texas licenses for carry purposes while others do not, and rules change. If you travel frequently to other states, checking which states recognize a Texas LTC is important. Some people find that having a license makes interstate travel simpler.

Some private property owners require an LTC to carry on their property. While a business owner cannot require a license to carry based on state law alone, they may choose to allow carry only for those with licenses. Certain employment situations or security clearances may require or be affected by having a license. Additionally, some people simply prefer having official documentation of their status.

Getting an LTC involves completing a training course from an approved instructor, submitting an application to the Texas Department of Public Safety with required documentation, undergoing a background check, and paying the associated fee. The process typically takes several weeks. Many qualified instructors and training courses are available throughout Texas.

Practical Takeaway: Consider whether reciprocity with other states, private property access, or personal preference makes obtaining a License to Carry worthwhile for your situation. Weigh these factors against the time and cost of obtaining one.

Training and Safety Considerations

While Texas does not require formal training to carry a handgun without a license, training and safety knowledge are extremely important. Understanding how to safely handle, store, and use a firearm protects you, your family, and those around you. Many people choose to pursue training regardless of legal requirements because competence and

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