Free Guide to Understanding IRS PIN Numbers

Understanding What an IRS PIN Actually Is

An IRS Personal Identification Number, commonly called an IRS PIN, is a six-digit code that the Internal Revenue Service creates and assigns to individual taxpayers. Think of it as a unique password that belongs specifically to your tax account. When you file taxes or interact with the IRS, this PIN serves as a secondary form of verification that confirms you are who you say you are.

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The primary purpose of an IRS PIN is identity theft prevention. Tax-related identity theft has become increasingly common, and cybercriminals sometimes attempt to file fraudulent tax returns in other people's names to claim refunds they don't deserve. According to the IRS, there were approximately 714,000 confirmed reports of identity theft affecting taxpayers in the 2022 tax year alone. When someone tries to file a return using your Social Security number without knowing your PIN, the IRS system will reject that fraudulent filing attempt. Your PIN essentially acts as a lock on your tax account that only you should possess.

It's important to understand that an IRS PIN is different from other identification numbers you may use. Your Social Security number is a permanent identifier issued by the Social Security Administration and is used across multiple government and private institutions. Your PIN, by contrast, is specific to your tax account and is managed exclusively by the IRS. The IRS issues PINs in waves, and they typically consist of six digits that are random and unique to each taxpayer assigned one.

The IRS does not use PINs in place of other authentication methods—rather, the PIN works alongside your existing tax account information. When you file electronically or access IRS services online, you'll typically use a combination of verification methods, which may include your Social Security number, date of birth, filing status, and your PIN if you have one assigned to your account.

Practical Takeaway: An IRS PIN is a six-digit security code that belongs to your individual tax account. Its main function is to prevent someone else from filing a fraudulent tax return in your name. Understanding that it is a protective measure specific to tax accounts—not a replacement for your Social Security number—will help you recognize when the IRS legitimately needs this information.

Recognizing Situations When You Might Receive or Need an IRS PIN

The IRS assigns PINs to taxpayers in specific circumstances, though not every taxpayer receives one. Understanding when the IRS issues these numbers and when you might need to request one will help you know whether this security measure applies to your situation.

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One of the most common reasons the IRS assigns a PIN is if your tax account has been flagged as a victim of identity theft or tax fraud. If you reported to the IRS that someone filed a return using your information, or if the IRS detected suspicious activity on your account, they may automatically generate and mail you a PIN. In these cases, you would receive notification from the IRS by mail explaining that a PIN has been assigned to your account. The IRS maintains records of identity theft claims, and if your case is verified, a PIN becomes part of your account's protective measures.

Another scenario where the IRS may assign a PIN is if you are part of a specific population group that the agency has identified as being at higher risk for tax fraud. For example, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IRS experimented with assigning PINs to certain high-risk groups. As of 2024, the IRS is rolling out a broader Identity Verification PIN program that may affect a wider range of taxpayers based on risk assessment algorithms and patterns the agency monitors.

You might also request a PIN proactively if you are concerned about your tax account security, even if the IRS hasn't flagged your account. Some taxpayers choose to contact the IRS about obtaining a PIN as a precautionary measure. Additionally, if you've been a victim of identity theft outside of the tax system but worry it could affect your taxes, reaching out about a PIN is a reasonable step to take.

If you have an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead of a Social Security number—which applies to some noncitizens, dependents, and spouses—you may also be assigned a PIN as part of the IRS's standard security protocols for ITIN holders.

Practical Takeaway: The IRS assigns PINs most commonly after verifying identity theft on a tax account, as part of broader security programs, or to high-risk taxpayer groups. You can also request one yourself. Knowing whether your situation matches any of these scenarios will inform whether you should pursue obtaining a PIN for your account.

How to Request a PIN From the IRS or Check Your PIN Status

If you believe you need an IRS PIN or want to find out whether one has been assigned to your account, the IRS provides several methods to obtain this information and make requests. Understanding each method and when to use it will help you navigate the process efficiently.

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The most direct way to request a PIN is through the IRS website using the interactive tool called "Create an IRS Online Account." To use this tool, you'll need to visit IRS.gov and navigate to the account creation section. You'll be asked to provide personal information to verify your identity, including your Social Security number, date of birth, address, and other identifying details. If verification is successful, you can view whether a PIN has already been assigned to your account. If you don't have a PIN and want to request one, the online account tool provides options to initiate that request.

You can also contact the IRS directly by phone at 1-800-829-1040 (the main IRS customer service line) or 1-800-908-9582 (a dedicated line for identity theft victims). When you call, have your Social Security number, date of birth, filing status, and recent tax information ready. IRS representatives can look up whether a PIN exists on your account and can discuss your situation to determine whether requesting one makes sense. Phone lines are typically busiest during tax season (January through April), so calling outside these months may result in shorter wait times.

If you were previously assigned a PIN due to identity theft and need a replacement (for example, if you lost your notice or forgot the number), you can call the IRS or use the online account portal to request a new PIN notice to be mailed to your address on file. The IRS will mail your PIN information to the address it has recorded for you, which is why keeping your address current with the IRS is important.

Some taxpayers choose to work with a tax professional—such as a certified public accountant (CPA), enrolled agent (EA), or tax preparation service—who can also help you request a PIN or determine whether you should have one. These professionals have special access to IRS systems and can submit requests on your behalf, though you'll still need to verify your identity.

For individuals who have reported identity theft to the IRS and have been assigned a PIN as part of their case resolution, you typically don't need to request one—the IRS will send it to you automatically by mail.

Practical Takeaway: You can request an IRS PIN or check your PIN status through IRS.gov (using the online account tool), by calling the IRS at 1-800-829-1040, or by working with a tax professional. Have your personal information ready, and plan to contact the IRS outside of peak tax season for faster service. The IRS will mail your PIN to your address on file, so keep your address current.

Keeping Your PIN Safe and Secure

Once you receive an IRS PIN, treating it with the same level of security you would give your Social Security number becomes critical. A compromised PIN defeats its purpose as a protective measure and could actually open your account to fraud rather than protect it.

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The first rule of PIN security is treating it like a password. You should memorize your PIN rather than writing it down or storing it in unsecured locations. If you must write it down, keep the record in a secure place—such as a locked safe at home—and never store it in an unsecured digital format like a note on your computer desktop or in an unsecured email message. Never photograph your PIN or share a picture of it. Do not save your PIN in an internet browser's autofill feature or anywhere online where it could be retrieved if your device is compromised.

When the IRS needs your PIN, they will ask for it through secure channels. Be extremely cautious about unsolicited communications claiming to be from the IRS. The IRS does not initiate contact with taxpayers through email, text message,