Free Guide to Growing Capers at Home

Understanding Capers: What They Are and Why You Might Grow Them

Capers are the unopened flower buds of the Capparis spinosa plant, a shrubby perennial that thrives in warm, dry climates. Native to the Mediterranean region, capers have been cultivated and eaten for thousands of years. The buds are typically harvested before they bloom, then pickled or salt-cured to create the tangy, briny condiment commonly used in Mediterranean cuisine. When you purchase capers at a grocery store, you're buying these preserved buds, which have a distinctive peppery flavor and small, firm texture.

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Growing capers at home offers several practical benefits. First, homegrown capers are significantly less expensive than commercially packaged varieties, which can cost $8 to $15 per small jar. Second, you control the harvesting and preservation process, allowing you to adjust salinity and flavor intensity to your preferences. Third, the caper plant itself is visually attractive, with small, rounded leaves and delicate pink and white flowers that bloom before the edible buds form. The plant also produces ornamental fruit—small, green berries that can be pickled and eaten similarly to the buds.

Capers are most practical for growers in warm climates or those willing to cultivate the plant indoors or in containers that can be moved seasonally. The plant requires minimal ongoing maintenance once established, making it suitable for gardeners of varying experience levels. One mature caper plant can produce enough buds over several years to supply a household with regular harvests.

Practical takeaway: Research whether your climate zone matches caper growing requirements before purchasing seeds or plants. Capers need warm, dry conditions similar to Mediterranean summers to thrive outdoors year-round.

Climate and Growing Conditions: Where Capers Flourish

Capers grow best in warm climates with dry summers and mild winters. The plant is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 9 through 11, meaning it tolerates winter temperatures down to about 20°F (-7°C) but struggles in consistently cold or wet environments. If you live in zones 8 or colder, you can still grow capers in containers that are moved indoors during winter or in a greenhouse. Regions like Southern California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and parts of the Gulf Coast provide ideal outdoor growing conditions without special protection.

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The caper plant requires full sun—ideally six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. In hotter climates, afternoon shade can prevent stress during peak summer heat. The plant is drought-tolerant once established, which makes it suitable for water-conscious gardeners. Unlike many vegetables and herbs, capers prefer lean soil and do not require heavy fertilization. In fact, overly rich soil can reduce flavor intensity and encourage excessive vegetative growth at the expense of flower buds.

Soil drainage is critical. Capers cannot tolerate waterlogged conditions and will develop root rot in wet, poorly draining soil. If your garden has heavy clay or compacted soil, consider growing capers in raised beds or large containers filled with a gritty, well-draining potting mix. A soil pH between 6.0 and 8.0 is acceptable; capers are relatively tolerant of slightly alkaline conditions. Coastal gardeners should note that capers tolerate salt spray well, making them suitable for seaside landscapes.

Wind exposure is less critical for capers than for many plants, though strong winds can damage tender new growth. In extremely hot, dry climates, occasional supplemental watering during establishment and early growth helps the plant develop a strong root system. Once the caper is two or more years old and established, supplemental watering is rarely necessary unless you experience severe drought.

Practical takeaway: Test your soil drainage before planting. Dig a hole, fill it with water, and observe how quickly it drains. If water remains after 24 hours, amend the soil with sand and organic matter or use a container instead of in-ground planting.

Obtaining and Planting Caper Plants or Seeds

You can start capers from seeds or purchase young nursery plants. Seeds are widely available from specialty seed companies, though germination rates can be variable. Caper seeds have a hard seed coat and benefit from scarification—lightly scratching or sanding the seed surface—before planting. Soak seeds in room-temperature water for 24 hours, then plant them in a seed-starting mix kept consistently moist but not waterlogged. Germination typically occurs within 2 to 4 weeks at temperatures between 70°F and 75°F (21°C to 24°C). Seedlings are slow-growing and may take several months to reach a size suitable for transplanting outdoors.

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Purchasing young nursery plants accelerates the timeline considerably. A small rooted caper plant, typically 6 to 12 inches tall, can be planted directly into the garden or a container in spring after the last frost date. Nursery plants establish faster than seedlings and may produce a small number of buds in their first year, though significant harvests typically begin in year two or three.

Timing matters for planting. In warm climates (zones 9 to 11), plant capers in spring to give them a full growing season to establish roots before winter. In cooler climates where capers are grown in containers, start seeds indoors in late winter or early spring, 8 to 10 weeks before your last spring frost date. This allows seedlings to be large enough for successful transplanting when nighttime temperatures remain above 50°F (10°C).

When planting outdoors, dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball and position the plant at the same depth it was growing in its previous container. Backfill with amended soil and water gently to settle the soil. Space plants or containers at least 3 to 4 feet apart to allow for air circulation and future growth. In-ground planted capers develop deep root systems and require less frequent watering than container specimens, but containers offer flexibility, particularly in cooler climates.

Practical takeaway: If starting from seed indoors, prepare containers and seed-starting mix in late winter. Label each pot with the planting date so you can track germination progress. Provide bright, indirect light once seedlings emerge to prevent them from becoming leggy.

Watering, Feeding, and Seasonal Care

Once established, capers are exceptionally drought-tolerant and require minimal watering. During the growing season (spring and summer), water newly planted capers moderately—enough to keep the soil lightly moist but not soggy. As the plant matures over its first year, gradually reduce watering frequency. Mature plants in the ground typically need water only during extended dry periods lasting more than three weeks. Container-grown capers need more frequent watering since pots dry out faster than garden soil; water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.

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Fertilization is not necessary and can actually reduce the quality and intensity of flavor in caper buds. If your soil is particularly poor or depleted, apply a light feeding of balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) once in early spring. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which encourage leafy growth rather than flower bud production. Organic gardeners can apply a thin layer of compost around the plant base in early spring; this provides slow-release nutrients and improves soil structure over time.

Pruning helps maintain plant shape and encourages bushier growth with more flower buds. In late winter or early spring, before new growth begins, trim back any dead wood and cut back up to one-third of the plant's total height. Light pruning throughout the growing season—removing spent flower buds and any diseased or damaged branches—keeps the plant productive. Never remove more than one-third of the plant's foliage at one time, as this can stress the plant.

Pests and diseases are rarely problematic for capers grown in appropriate conditions. The plant's natural salt tolerance and preference for dry soil make it resistant to most common garden pests and fungal diseases. In wet climates or poorly draining soil, root rot is the primary concern; prevent it by ensuring excellent drainage. Occasionally, spider mites or scale insects may appear in very hot, dry conditions; rinse affected branches with water or apply neem oil if infestation is severe. Indoor or container-grown capers may benefit from occasional misting to increase humidity, which can discourage spider mites.

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